Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Injury

What is a TFCC injury?

A TFCC injury affects the complex structure of fibrous and cartilaginous tissue located on the ulnar side of the wrist, between the radius and ulna. This structure plays a crucial role in stabilizing and enabling the mobility of the wrist and forearm. TFCC injuries can cause pain, instability, and limited wrist function, interfering with daily activities.

Symptoms:
Symptoms of a TFCC injury include pain on the ulnar side of the wrist, which may worsen with forearm rotation movements such as turning a key or opening a jar. Other common symptoms include swelling, a clicking or popping sensation in the wrist, weakness, and instability. In some cases, the pain may radiate along the forearm.

Causes:
TFCC injuries can result from acute trauma, such as falling on an outstretched hand, or from repetitive wrist movements that place excessive stress on the cartilage structure. Athletes involved in sports requiring repeated wrist and forearm rotation—such as tennis or golf—are particularly at risk. Aging and degenerative conditions can also contribute to the breakdown of the TFCC.

Diagnosis:
Diagnosis is made through a thorough physical examination and specific tests to assess wrist stability. The physician may perform the fovea sign or grind test to identify pain and weakness in the ulnar region of the wrist. Imaging techniques such as MRI and arthrography can be used to visualize the injury and determine its severity.

Treatments:
Treatment depends on the severity of the injury and the patient’s symptoms. In mild cases, conservative management may include rest, wrist immobilization with a brace or splint, and anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and inflammation. Physical therapy can help strengthen the wrist muscles and improve stability.

For more severe or persistent injuries, surgery may be necessary. Surgical options include arthroscopic repair of the torn TFCC or debridement to remove damaged tissue and relieve symptoms. In some cases, more complex reconstruction may be required to restore full wrist function. Arthroscopic surgery is minimally invasive and typically allows for faster recovery compared to traditional surgery.

At Handclinic, under the direction of Dr. Marco Guidi, we use advanced technologies and a personalized approach to treat TFCC injuries. Our goal is to restore wrist stability and function, helping our patients return to their daily activities pain-free and with full mobility. With proper and timely treatment, we can significantly improve quality of life and prevent long-term complications.